{"id":2160,"date":"2026-03-11T10:14:25","date_gmt":"2026-03-11T10:14:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/joshi-foundation.ch\/governance-in-higher-education\/"},"modified":"2026-03-11T10:14:40","modified_gmt":"2026-03-11T10:14:40","slug":"governance-in-higher-education","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/joshi-foundation.ch\/en\/governance-in-higher-education\/","title":{"rendered":"Governance in higher education"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 id=\"why-institutional-structures-determine-the-success-of-educational-reforms\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Why institutional structures determine the success of educational reforms<\/h2>\n\n<p>Many count\u00adries are reforming their hig\u00adher edu\u00adca\u00adti\u00adon sys\u00adtems. Pro\u00adgrams are being crea\u00adted, cour\u00adses of stu\u00addy are gro\u00adwing and poli\u00adti\u00adcal stra\u00adte\u00adgies are being adopted. But one cen\u00adtral ques\u00adti\u00adon often remains unans\u00adwe\u00adred: Whe\u00adre is it actual\u00adly deci\u00added whe\u00adther the\u00adse reforms actual\u00adly lead to employa\u00adble skills?  <\/p>\n\n<p>In many count\u00adries, the reform of hig\u00adher edu\u00adca\u00adti\u00adon has beco\u00adme a key eco\u00adno\u00admic poli\u00adcy task. Pro\u00adgrams are desi\u00adgned to impro\u00adve the employa\u00adbi\u00adli\u00adty of gra\u00addua\u00adtes, pro\u00admo\u00adte inno\u00adva\u00adti\u00adon and meet the demand for skil\u00adled workers in gro\u00adwing indus\u00adtries. <\/p>\n\n<p>Howe\u00adver, the expe\u00adri\u00adence of many edu\u00adca\u00adti\u00adon sys\u00adtems shows that reforms rare\u00adly fail due to a lack of ide\u00adas. They usual\u00adly lose their impact whe\u00adre poli\u00adti\u00adcal pro\u00adgrams are not suf\u00adfi\u00adci\u00adent\u00adly ancho\u00adred in insti\u00adtu\u00adtio\u00adnal struc\u00adtures. <\/p>\n\n<p>Bet\u00adween poli\u00adti\u00adcal reform stra\u00adte\u00adgies and the actu\u00adal com\u00adpe\u00adten\u00adci\u00ades of gra\u00addua\u00adtes lies a level that is often unde\u00adre\u00adsti\u00adma\u00adted in reform deba\u00adtes: The gover\u00adnan\u00adce and orga\u00adniza\u00adtio\u00adnal struc\u00adtu\u00adre of uni\u00adver\u00adsi\u00adties.<\/p>\n\n<p>The cru\u00adcial ques\u00adti\u00adon is the\u00adr\u00ade\u00adfo\u00adre not only <strong>which reforms are adopted<\/strong>, but <strong>whe\u00adre their actu\u00adal impact will be deci\u00added<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<h2 id=\"the-structural-tensions-of-modern-higher-education-systems\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">The structural tensions of modern higher education systems<\/h2>\n\n<p>Modern hig\u00adher edu\u00adca\u00adti\u00adon sys\u00adtems ope\u00adra\u00adte in a field of ten\u00adsi\u00adon bet\u00adween three cen\u00adtral play\u00aders.<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Govern\u00adments often mea\u00adsu\u00adre reforms in terms of pro\u00adgrams, par\u00adti\u00adci\u00adpa\u00adti\u00adon rates or the expan\u00adsi\u00adon of stu\u00addy oppor\u00adtu\u00adni\u00adties.  <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Uni\u00adver\u00adsi\u00adties are gui\u00added by the deve\u00adlo\u00adp\u00adment of new degree pro\u00adgrams, stu\u00addent num\u00adbers and degrees award\u00aded.  <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Com\u00adpa\u00adnies, on the other hand, eva\u00adlua\u00adte the sys\u00adtem from a dif\u00adfe\u00adrent per\u00adspec\u00adti\u00adve: for them, it is pri\u00adma\u00adri\u00adly the prac\u00adti\u00adcal skills of gra\u00addua\u00adtes that count.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Employ\u00aders the\u00adr\u00ade\u00adfo\u00adre ask a simp\u00adle ques\u00adti\u00adon: <strong>are gra\u00addua\u00adtes able to work pro\u00adduc\u00adtively<\/strong>?<\/p>\n\n<p>The\u00adse three per\u00adspec\u00adti\u00adves fol\u00adlow dif\u00adfe\u00adrent logics. Wit\u00adhout sta\u00adble gover\u00adnan\u00adce struc\u00adtures, struc\u00adtu\u00adral imba\u00adlan\u00adces often ari\u00adse. The insti\u00adtu\u00adtio\u00adnal struc\u00adtures of a uni\u00adver\u00adsi\u00adty are decisi\u00adve. They deter\u00admi\u00adne whe\u00adther reform pro\u00adgrams lead to real skills deve\u00adlo\u00adp\u00adment or remain main\u00adly on paper.   <\/p>\n\n<p>The result is a fami\u00adli\u00adar pat\u00adtern in many edu\u00adca\u00adti\u00adon sys\u00adtems: The num\u00adber of degrees increa\u00adses, but the actu\u00adal employa\u00adbi\u00adli\u00adty of gra\u00addua\u00adtes does not auto\u00adma\u00adti\u00adcal\u00adly impro\u00adve.<\/p>\n\n<h2 id=\"governance-as-a-link-between-reform-policy-and-employability\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Governance as a link between reform policy and employability<\/h2>\n\n<p>This is whe\u00adre the importance of gover\u00adnan\u00adce in hig\u00adher edu\u00adca\u00adti\u00adon beco\u00admes appa\u00adrent.<\/p>\n\n<p>Poli\u00adti\u00adcal reforms defi\u00adne stra\u00adte\u00adgic goals. Howe\u00adver, the con\u00adcre\u00adte impact of the\u00adse reforms is crea\u00adted within the insti\u00adtu\u00adti\u00adons. At uni\u00adver\u00adsi\u00adties, cur\u00adri\u00adcu\u00adla are deve\u00adlo\u00adped, tea\u00adching and lear\u00adning pro\u00adces\u00adses are orga\u00adni\u00adzed, indus\u00adtry part\u00adner\u00adships are estab\u00adlished and per\u00adfor\u00admance records are desi\u00adgned.  <\/p>\n\n<p>This insti\u00adtu\u00adtio\u00adnal archi\u00adtec\u00adtu\u00adre \u2014 i.e. decis\u00adi\u00adon-making struc\u00adtures, respon\u00adsi\u00adbi\u00adli\u00adties and qua\u00adli\u00adty assu\u00adrance pro\u00adces\u00adses \u2014 ulti\u00adm\u00adate\u00adly deter\u00admi\u00adnes whe\u00adther reform pro\u00adgrams lead to real skills deve\u00adlo\u00adp\u00adment or remain pre\u00addo\u00admi\u00adnant\u00adly pro\u00adgram\u00adma\u00adtic in natu\u00adre.<\/p>\n\n<p>Gover\u00adnan\u00adce is the\u00adr\u00ade\u00adfo\u00adre less an admi\u00adnis\u00adtra\u00adti\u00adve issue than a mecha\u00adnism that com\u00adbi\u00adnes poli\u00adti\u00adcal objec\u00adti\u00adves with the prac\u00adti\u00adcal requi\u00adre\u00adments of the labor mar\u00adket.<\/p>\n\n<h2 id=\"the-limits-of-projectbased-reform-policy\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">The limits of project-based reform policy<\/h2>\n\n<p>Many reform initia\u00adti\u00adves are imple\u00admen\u00adted via pro\u00adjects, fun\u00adding pro\u00adgrams or tem\u00adpo\u00adra\u00adry pilot pro\u00adjects. Such initia\u00adti\u00adves can trig\u00adger inno\u00adva\u00adtions and pro\u00advi\u00adde important impe\u00adtus. <\/p>\n\n<p>Howe\u00adver, their impact remains limi\u00adt\u00aded if they are not per\u00adma\u00adnent\u00adly ancho\u00adred in insti\u00adtu\u00adtio\u00adnal struc\u00adtures.<\/p>\n\n<p>As soon as fun\u00adding pro\u00adgrams end or the peo\u00adp\u00adle respon\u00adsi\u00adble chan\u00adge, many of the\u00adse pro\u00adjects lose their ope\u00adra\u00adtio\u00adnal impact. Ins\u00adtead of sus\u00adtainable struc\u00adtu\u00adral chan\u00adges, a lar\u00adge num\u00adber of iso\u00adla\u00adted initia\u00adti\u00adves emer\u00adge. <\/p>\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Reforms that focus pri\u00adma\u00adri\u00adly on pro\u00adjects often lead to new pro\u00adgrams, but rare\u00adly to sta\u00adble insti\u00adtu\u00adtio\u00adnal struc\u00adtures.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n<h2 id=\"institutional-innovation-as-a-starting-point-for-systemic-development\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Institutional innovation as a starting point for systemic development<\/h2>\n\n<p>This area of ten\u00adsi\u00adon is par\u00adti\u00adcu\u00adlar\u00adly evi\u00addent in the deve\u00adlo\u00adp\u00adment of new prac\u00adti\u00adce-ori\u00aden\u00adted degree pro\u00adgrams.<\/p>\n\n<p>Such pro\u00adgrams are often initi\u00adal\u00adly crea\u00adted within indi\u00advi\u00addu\u00adal uni\u00adver\u00adsi\u00adties. Insti\u00adtu\u00adti\u00adons deve\u00adlop new cur\u00adri\u00adcu\u00adla, work tog\u00ade\u00adther with indus\u00adtry part\u00adners and test trai\u00adning models that are more stron\u00adgly ori\u00aden\u00adted towards real work pro\u00adces\u00adses. <\/p>\n\n<p>Howe\u00adver, the decisi\u00adve ques\u00adti\u00adon is not just whe\u00adther a degree pro\u00adgram exists. The decisi\u00adve fac\u00adtor is whe\u00adther its struc\u00adtu\u00adre is under\u00adstan\u00adda\u00adble and con\u00adnec\u00adta\u00adble bey\u00adond the indi\u00advi\u00addu\u00adal insti\u00adtu\u00adti\u00adon. <\/p>\n\n<p>Pro\u00adgrams gain sys\u00adte\u00admic importance when seve\u00adral ele\u00adments come tog\u00ade\u00adther. The\u00adse include cle\u00adar\u00adly defi\u00adned pro\u00adfes\u00adsio\u00adnal tar\u00adget roles, skills pro\u00adfiles that can be clas\u00adsi\u00adfied in natio\u00adnal qua\u00adli\u00adfi\u00adca\u00adti\u00adons frame\u00adworks and struc\u00adtu\u00adred coope\u00adra\u00adti\u00adon with indus\u00adtry part\u00adners. <\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/joshi-foundation.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/MG_9625-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"Practice-oriented training of students with trainers at industrial plants to develop technical competence.\" class=\"wp-image-2155\"><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Struc\u00adtu\u00adred coope\u00adra\u00adti\u00adon bet\u00adween aca\u00adde\u00admia and indus\u00adtry streng\u00adthens employa\u00adble skills.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<p>Equal\u00adly important is a trans\u00adpa\u00adrent assess\u00adment struc\u00adtu\u00adre that makes skills deve\u00adlo\u00adp\u00adment veri\u00adfia\u00adble.<\/p>\n\n<p>When the\u00adse ele\u00adments inter\u00adact, the role of a degree pro\u00adgram chan\u00adges fun\u00adda\u00admen\u00adtal\u00adly. It is then no lon\u00adger mere\u00adly a local uni\u00adver\u00adsi\u00adty offe\u00adring, but <strong>an insti\u00adtu\u00adtio\u00adnal\u00adly deve\u00adlo\u00adped model with struc\u00adtu\u00adral con\u00adnec\u00adti\u00advi\u00adty<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n<p>Such insti\u00adtu\u00adtio\u00adnal trai\u00adning archi\u00adtec\u00adtures are often initi\u00adal\u00adly crea\u00adted within indi\u00advi\u00addu\u00adal uni\u00adver\u00adsi\u00adties. An exam\u00adp\u00adle of this is curr\u00adent\u00adly being deve\u00adlo\u00adped at the <a href=\"https:\/\/ruj-bsdu.in\/\">Bhar\u00adti\u00adya Skill Deve\u00adlo\u00adp\u00adment Uni\u00adver\u00adsi\u00adty<\/a> in Jai\u00adpur.   <\/p>\n\n<p>As part of the <em>Dua\u00adlEdu Bridge India approach<\/em>, stu\u00addy pro\u00adgrams are deve\u00adlo\u00adped spe\u00adci\u00adfi\u00adcal\u00adly along indus\u00adtri\u00adal com\u00adpe\u00adtence pro\u00adfiles, prac\u00adti\u00adce-ori\u00aden\u00adted trai\u00adning struc\u00adtures and inter\u00adna\u00adtio\u00adnal trai\u00adning expe\u00adri\u00aden\u00adces.<\/p>\n\n<p>The approach com\u00adbi\u00adnes aca\u00adde\u00admic pro\u00adgrams with indus\u00adtri\u00adal trai\u00adning pro\u00adces\u00adses and thus crea\u00adtes degree pro\u00adgrams who\u00adse struc\u00adtu\u00adre can be con\u00adnec\u00adted bey\u00adond indi\u00advi\u00addu\u00adal insti\u00adtu\u00adti\u00adons.<\/p>\n\n<p>In such cases, a degree pro\u00adgram can ser\u00adve as a refe\u00adrence model for sec\u00adto\u00adral trai\u00adning stan\u00addards.<\/p>\n\n<h2 id=\"from-institutional-models-to-national-qualification-standards\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">From institutional models to national qualification standards<\/h2>\n\n<p>In many edu\u00adca\u00adti\u00adon sys\u00adtems, via\u00adble reform models are not crea\u00adted by poli\u00adti\u00adcal pro\u00adgrams alo\u00adne. Robust trai\u00adning archi\u00adtec\u00adtures often first deve\u00adlop within indi\u00advi\u00addu\u00adal insti\u00adtu\u00adti\u00adons whe\u00adre new approa\u00adches are tes\u00adted in prac\u00adti\u00adce. <\/p>\n\n<p>Skill uni\u00adver\u00adsi\u00adties in par\u00adti\u00adcu\u00adlar play an extre\u00adme\u00adly important role in this con\u00adtext. Their pro\u00adgrams com\u00adbi\u00adne aca\u00adde\u00admic edu\u00adca\u00adti\u00adon with indus\u00adtri\u00adal prac\u00adti\u00adce and skills-based trai\u00adning. <\/p>\n\n<p>Insti\u00adtu\u00adti\u00adons such as the <em>Bhar\u00adti\u00adya Skill Deve\u00adlo\u00adp\u00adment Uni\u00adver\u00adsi\u00adty<\/em> show how such models can be deve\u00adlo\u00adped. Initia\u00adti\u00adves such as the <em>Edu\u00adBridge India refe\u00adrence model<\/em> com\u00adbi\u00adne inter\u00adna\u00adtio\u00adnal trai\u00adning expe\u00adri\u00adence with the requi\u00adre\u00adments of indus\u00adtri\u00adal prac\u00adti\u00adce. <\/p>\n\n<p>Pro\u00adgrams that are based on clear out\u00adco\u00adme struc\u00adtures, indus\u00adtri\u00adal inte\u00adgra\u00adti\u00adon and com\u00adpre\u00adhen\u00adsi\u00adble com\u00adpe\u00adtence pro\u00adfiles can thus gain signi\u00adfi\u00adcan\u00adce bey\u00adond indi\u00advi\u00addu\u00adal insti\u00adtu\u00adti\u00adons.  <\/p>\n\n<h2 id=\"nep-2020-and-the-next-phase-of-higher-education-reform\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">NEP 2020 and the next phase of higher education reform<\/h2>\n\n<p>The <em>Natio\u00adnal Edu\u00adca\u00adti\u00adon Poli\u00adcy 2020<\/em> has crea\u00adted an important frame\u00adwork for the fur\u00adther deve\u00adlo\u00adp\u00adment of hig\u00adher edu\u00adca\u00adti\u00adon. It empha\u00adsi\u00adzes employa\u00adbi\u00adli\u00adty, prac\u00adti\u00adce-ori\u00aden\u00adted edu\u00adca\u00adti\u00adon and stron\u00adger coope\u00adra\u00adti\u00adon bet\u00adween uni\u00adver\u00adsi\u00adties and indus\u00adtry. <\/p>\n\n<p>Howe\u00adver, a fur\u00adther ques\u00adti\u00adon ari\u00adses for the fur\u00adther deve\u00adlo\u00adp\u00adment of this reform agen\u00adda.<\/p>\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>It is not just about intro\u00addu\u00adcing fur\u00adther pro\u00adgrams. The decisi\u00adve fac\u00adtor is which insti\u00adtu\u00adtio\u00adnal models alre\u00ada\u00addy have an archi\u00adtec\u00adtu\u00adre that is sui\u00adta\u00adble for broa\u00adder sec\u00adto\u00adral appli\u00adca\u00adti\u00adon. <\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n<p>Pro\u00adgrams with a clear <em>out\u00adco\u00adme logic<\/em>, struc\u00adtu\u00adred indus\u00adtry inte\u00adgra\u00adti\u00adon and com\u00adpre\u00adhen\u00adsi\u00adble com\u00adpe\u00adtence pro\u00adfiles could ser\u00adve as refe\u00adrence models for the fur\u00adther deve\u00adlo\u00adp\u00adment of sec\u00adto\u00adral trai\u00adning stan\u00addards.<\/p>\n\n<h2 id=\"conclusion-institutional-architecture-determines-the-impact-of-reform\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclusion: Institutional architecture determines the impact of reform<\/h2>\n\n<p>Pro\u00adgrams deve\u00adlop quick\u00adly. Insti\u00adtu\u00adtio\u00adnal struc\u00adtures grow slow\u00adly. <\/p>\n\n<p>For reforms to be effec\u00adti\u00adve, <strong>poli\u00adtics<\/strong>, <strong>uni\u00adver\u00adsi\u00adties<\/strong> and <strong>indus\u00adtry<\/strong> must cle\u00adar\u00adly coor\u00addi\u00adna\u00adte their roles and work tog\u00ade\u00adther on a per\u00adma\u00adnent basis.<\/p>\n\n<p>If such struc\u00adtures are crea\u00adted, indi\u00advi\u00addu\u00adal pro\u00adgrams can gain signi\u00adfi\u00adcan\u00adce bey\u00adond a sin\u00adgle uni\u00adver\u00adsi\u00adty. They beco\u00adme points of refe\u00adrence for new trai\u00adning stan\u00addards and show how reform goals can be imple\u00admen\u00adted in prac\u00adti\u00adce. <\/p>\n\n<p>This opens up an important per\u00adspec\u00adti\u00adve for edu\u00adca\u00adti\u00adon sys\u00adtems: insti\u00adtu\u00adtio\u00adnal\u00adly deve\u00adlo\u00adped trai\u00adning models can ser\u00adve as a refe\u00adrence for ope\u00adra\u00adtio\u00adnal\u00adly ancho\u00adring reform pro\u00adgrams and fur\u00adther deve\u00adlo\u00adping sec\u00adto\u00adral stan\u00addards.<\/p>\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\">\n\n<p>Do you have any ques\u00adti\u00adons about the pro\u00adject?<\/p>\n\n<p>Send an e\u2011mail to: <a href=\"mailto:contact@joshi-foundation.ch\">contact@joshi-foundation.ch<\/a><\/p>\n\n<p>We will be hap\u00adpy to ans\u00adwer your ques\u00adti\u00adon.<\/p>\n\n<p>JCF Pro\u00adgram Team<br>Rajen\u00addra and Ursu\u00adla Joshi Foun\u00adda\u00adti\u00adon \/ Dua\u00adlEdu Bridge India<\/p>\n\n<p>Rolf Sie\u00adbold<\/p>\n\n<p>For more insights into the deve\u00adlo\u00adp\u00adment of skill uni\u00adver\u00adsi\u00adties and prac\u00adti\u00adce-ori\u00aden\u00adted hig\u00adher edu\u00adca\u00adti\u00adon, visit Dua\u00adlEdu Bridge India\u2019s <a href=\"http:\/\/linkedin.com\/company\/joshi-foundation\/\">Lin\u00adke\u00addIn page<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Why insti\u00adtu\u00adtio\u00adnal struc\u00adtures deter\u00admi\u00adne the suc\u00adcess of edu\u00adca\u00adtio\u00adnal reforms Many count\u00adries are reforming their hig\u00adher edu\u00adca\u00adti\u00adon sys\u00adtems. Pro\u00adgrams are being crea\u00adted, cour\u00adses of stu\u00addy are gro\u00adwing and poli\u00adti\u00adcal stra\u00adte\u00adgies are being adopted. But one cen\u00adtral ques\u00adti\u00adon often remains unans\u00adwe\u00adred: Whe\u00adre is it actual\u00adly deci\u00added whe\u00adther the\u00adse reforms actual\u00adly lead to employa\u00adble skills? In many count\u00adries, [\u2026]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":1832,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"wp_typography_post_enhancements_disabled":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[87,1,88],"tags":[131,129,130,132,120],"class_list":["post-2160","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-education-systems-governance","category-general","category-skill-education-policy","tag-employability-2","tag-higher-education-reform","tag-institutional-governance","tag-skill-universities","tag-vocational-training-quality-management"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Governance in higher education - JCF<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Programs are growing. Degrees are increasing. 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